JENIS-JENIS KALIMAT

TYPE OF SENTENCE

 Ø Definition of sentence

A sentence is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.

These are sentences:

1.     Mikha  loves michelle.

2.     Are you sick?

3.     Does he love me?

4.     Don’t cheat! (the subject is “you”)

 Ø Types of Sentence by Structure

By structure, we can classify into four basic kinds of sentences in English: simple sentences, compound sentences, complex sentences, and compound-complex sentences.

         1.     Simple sentence

A simple sentence is a sentence structure that contains one independent clause and no dependent clauses.

Example :

·        I eat rice

·        Michael lives in Makassar city

         2.     Compound sentence

A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator. The coordinators are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.

Example :

·        I tried to speak Spanish, and my friend tried to speak English. 

·        Alejandro played football, so Maria went shopping. 

·        Alejandro played football, for Maria went shopping.

·        Vina wakes up at 5:00 am, and she go to school at 6:30 am.

          3.     Complex sentence

A complex sentence is a sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.

A complex sentence always has a subordinator such as because, since, after, although, or when or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which.

Example :

·        When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page. 

·        The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error.

·        The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow.

·        After they finished studying, Juan and Maria went to the movies.

·        Juan and Maria went to the movies after they finished studying.

           4.     Compound-complex sentence

A sentence with at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses (which can also be called subordinate clause) is referred to as a complex-compound sentence. Sometimes also called a compound-complex sentence.

Example :

·        The woman who called my mom sells cosmetics.

·        The book that Jonathan read is on the shelf.

·        The house which Abraham  Lincoln was born in is still standing.

·        The town where I grew up is in the United States.

 Ø Type sentence by purpose

Sentences can also be classified based on their purpose:

·        Declarative/statement sentence or declaration, the most common type, commonly makes a statement

Example : "I am going home."

·        Interrogative sentence or question is commonly used to request information.

Example : "when are you going to work?" — but sometimes not; "see" rhetorical question.

·        Exclamatory sentence" or "exclamation is generally a more emphatic form of statement expressing emotion.

Example : "what a wonderful day this is!"

·        Imperative sentence" or "command tells someone to do something.

Example : "go to work at 7:30 in the morning.”